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''Joie de vivre'' ((:ʒwa də vivʁ), ''joy of living'') is a French phrase often used in English to express a cheerful enjoyment of life; an exultation of spirit. It "can be a joy of conversation, joy of eating, joy of anything one might do… And ''joie de vivre'' may be seen as a joy of everything, a comprehensive joy, a philosophy of life, a ''Weltanschauung''. Robert's ''Dictionnaire'' says joie is ''sentiment exaltant ressenti par toute la conscience'', that is, involves one's whole being." ==Origins and development== Casual use of the phrase in French can be dated back at least as far as Fénelon in the late 17th century, but it was only brought into literary prominence in the 19th century, first by Michelet (1857) in his pantheistic work ''Insecte'', to contrast the passive life of plants with animal ''joie de vivre'', and then by Émile Zola in his book of that name from 1883–4.〔 Thereafter, it took on increasing weight as a mode of life, evolving at times almost into a secular religion〔 in the early 20th century; and subsequently fed into Lacanian emphasis on "a ''jouissance'' beyond the pleasure principle"〔 Later online version of 〕 in the latter half of the century – a time when its emphasis on enthusiasm, energy and spontaneity gave it a global prominence with the rise of Hippie culture. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「joie de vivre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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